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        Concept of the Chapter   1. Three Lists :  The Indian constitution clearly provides three fold distribution of legislative powers between union government and state government. It contains the following three lists .... A. Union List :  Subjects of national importance like defence , foreign affairs,atomic energy, currency,banking ,post and telegraph are included in the Union list . The central government can pass laws on these subjects.  B . State list :  It comprises those important subjects in which the state government can pass laws . Subjects like police , local government , trade and commerce, agriculture and irrigation are within the state include in the state list . C . Concurrent list :  It includes those subjects which are of common concern to both the centre and state governments . Ordinarily, both the centre and the state governments can frame laws on these subjects. 2. Federalism:   It is a ...

👉Introduction - The advent of the internet and technological advancements has transformed various aspects of our lives, including education. In the digital age, students have access to an abundance of resources and tools that can greatly enhance their learning and personal growth. The use of the internet and technology in education has revolutionized the way students acquire knowledge, collaborate, and interact with the world. In this article, we will explore the numerous ways in which the net and technology contribute to the growth and development of students. 👉Access to a Wealth of Information The internet is a treasure trove of knowledge, encompassing a vast array of subjects and topics. Students no longer need to rely solely on traditional textbooks and limited resources available in their local libraries. With just a few clicks, they can access a wide range of articles, research papers, videos, and online courses tailored to their specific needs and interests. This u...

      Note - Answer the following questions Question 1- Compare the way in which Belgium and Sri Lanka have dealt with cultural diversity. Answer - In Belgium, the minority French speaking community was rich and powerful than Dutch speaking community. The Belgian leaders realised this problem and took some significant measures to solve this as .... a. Number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. b. Many powers of the central government are given to state government. c. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. d. Community government is elected by people belonging to one language community which deals with cultural, educational and language related issues.              In Sri Lanka major social groups are the Sinhala speakers 74%  and the  Tamil speakers 18% . In Sri Lanka the democratically elected government adopted a seri...

                    ✍️Objective type questions✍️   1-  In democracy the power is vested in    a. People.               b. Government    c. Legislature.      d. Executive Answer  -a 2.  Belgium is situated in the continent of      a. Europe.         b. North America     c. Asia.             d. Australia Answer -a 3.  The main social group of Sri Lanka is     a. Of  Tamils            b. Of singhalese     c. Of Dutch.             d. Of Indian Tamils Answer- b 4-  Sri Lanka achieved independence in   a. 1948.                   b.1949   c. 1956.            ...

                   🤔 Meaning of Words  🤔 1- Ethnic -  A social division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent beacuse of similarities of physical or cultural. 2-Power sharing -  Sharing power by different levels of government units for smooth functioning of system. 3- Horizontal Distribution of power -  A type of distribution in which power is shared among different government organisations like legislature, executive, judiciary etc. 4 - Vertical Distribution of Power -  It is a type of distribution of power which involves the higher and lower levels of government such as central , state and local. 5- Executive -  Executive is that organ of government which enforces the will of the legislative expressed in the form of laws . The legislative makes laws and the executive is charged with responsibility of giving effect to these laws . 6-...

         Answer the following questions  Question 1-Write some features of Indian agriculture?                        Or What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy ?                      Or   Question 1- Why the agriculture called the mainstay of Indian economy ? Answer :  1- Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy because about 60% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture. 2-It provides raw materials to various industries. So even the progress of industrial sector is dependent on agriculture. 3- India earns foreign exchange by exporting some agricultural products. 4-It contributes approximately one third to the gross domestic product. 5-It provides food to over 130 crores population. 6-  Agriculture plays a pivotal role in dominating the economic, social and cultural life of ...

           😜 Multiple Choice Questions 😜 Note - Opt. the correct option 1- India has the first place in the world in production of which crop ?   a. Oilseeds.       b. Wheat   c. Rice.               d. Pulses Answer - d 2-  Which one is Rabi crop ?   a. Paddy.       b. Pulses   c. Coarse.     d. Mustard  Answer - d 3- Which one is a fibre crop ?  a. Jute         b. Coffee  c. Barley.      d. Rubber Answer - c 4- Which one of the following is non good crop ?  a. Cotton.      b. Sugarcane  c. Rice.         d. Wheat Answer - a 5-   Which one is Rabi crop?   a. Paddy.        b. Bajra  c. Wheat.        d. Maize Answer - c 6- Which one is kharif crop ?    a. G...

  Meaning of Important Words and Concepts 1- Agriculture: The art of science of cultivating soil , raising crops and rearing livestock including fishing and forests . 2- Commercial agriculture: Farming in which farmer grows the crop with the aim of selling it in the market. 3- Dry farming :  Dry farming is adopted in scanty rainfall areas .Such types of crops are grown which requires less irrigation facilities. 4- Extensive agriculture :   Agriculture in which the agriculturist tries to get the greatest output by bringing more and more new land areas under cultivation. 5- Intensive agriculture :   In this type of farming high dose of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production . 6 - Dairy Farming : A kind of agriculture in which major emphasis is given to the breeding and rearing of cattles for milk . 7- Wet Farming : A kind of farming which depends on rain . 8- Mixed Farming :   Farming in which animals ...

Answer the following questions  1- Explain any five reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.                       Or Describe the important factors responsible for water scarcity in the world . Answer - Some of the major causes of water scarcity are ....  A-   Growing population -    Water scarcity is an outcome of large and growing population and consequently more demand for water and unequal access to it . B- Expansion of Agriculture -  To facilitate higher food grain production for the increasing population, more water is required for the increased area under production . C - Industrialization -   Industries not only require water in production but  also to generate power to run them . Much of this electricity is generated by hydro electric power. D -  Pollution -   Water gets polluted with domestic and industrial use and becomes unfit for human consumption du...

          🙇   Multiple Choice Questions 🙇 1 - The reason for lack of water on the ground is    a. Excess absorption   b. Excess use    c. Uneven distribution in different society    d. All of the above Answer  : d 2- The process of ensuring renewal and recharge         of water is ...     a. Vaporisation        b. Evacuation      c. Condensation     d. Hydrologic cycle Answer : d 3- Which of the following is the source of the             irrational water harvesting?     a. Surface runoff.      b. Groundwater      c. Both a and b.         d. Ocean Answer : c 4-   A multi purpose project built on the Satluj               Beas river basin is      a. Hirakud proj...

               Meaning of Important Terms  1-Water Scarcity :  Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water scarcity. 2- Perennial Canals : Canals developed by diverting water from rivers that flow throughout the year . 3-Groundwater : Water which is obtained from a depth of more than 15m is known as groundwater. 4- Surface Runoff :  This is the water flow that occurs when the soil is infiltration to full capacity and excess water from rain ,  melted snow or other sources flow over the land. 5- Rainwater Harvesting :   It is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by capturing and storing rainwater by constructing structures. 6 - Dam : A dam is a barrier across the flowing water that obstructs , directs or retards the flow ,often creating a reservoir , lake or impoundment. 7- Check Dams :  Catchment dams particularly in water deficient areas. 8- Hydroelectricity :  ...

Answer the following questions:-  1: Explain how human activities have affected the depletion of flora . Answer :   1 - Human have cleared the jungles for own living and the luvings of their animals as well as for construction of their houses .Too much destruction of trees has distributed the ecosystem and created various health problems for themselves. 2 - The agricultural expansion during the colonial rule and even after independence proved one of the major causes of the depletion of the flora and fauna . 3 - The great demand of sleeper for the expansion of railways and ship building during the colonial rule also inflicted a great damage to the Indian forests. 4 - The burning of fossil fuels in large quantity, automobile exhausts , gaseous effuents from factories have led to  pollution of air and water . 5- As a result of the removal of the original plant cover and it's replacement by a single crop ,the biological diversity has been reduced and a single...

                Multiple Choice Questions                                                                                   Note :  Tick the correct option 1 : Which of the following is endangered species?     a. Asiatic cheeta.        b. Nicobar pigeon     c. Asiatic elephant.    d. Black buck  Answer : a  2: Which plant species in India is included in endangered species?    a. Mango.      b. Teak     c. Shisham.    d. Sandal Answer : d 3 : The example of man made producted habitat of bio diversity is       a. Sanctuary.        b. National park       c. Forests....

             Meaning of Important Words . 1 : Forest - Extensive area covered with spontaneously grown trees . 2 : Biodiversity - It is the sum total of all the varieties of species of plant ,animals and micro- organisms living on the earth . 3 : Sanctuary -  A reserved area for preserving natural beauty . 4 : Flora -   Plants of a particular region or period are referred to as flora. 5 : Funna -  Species of animal of a region are known as fauna .  6: Normal Species - The species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival,such as cattle,sal, pine , rodents etc  7 : Endangered species - The species which are in danger of extinction. 8 : Rare Species - Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. 9 : Vulnerable Species - These are some species whose population have declined to levels from w...

Answer the questions :  Question : Which is the most widely spread and important soil of India ? State any four characteristics.                                Or  Mention any four characteristics of alluvial soil .                                 Or  How are alluvial soil formed ? How is Bhangar different from khadar ? Answer : Alluvial soil is the most widely spread an important soil of India .     Characteristics of Alluvial Soil :  1:   Alluvial soil is transported soil .Most of the soil are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo - Gangetic plain .Thus the parent material of these soils is of transported origin . 2 : These soil consist of varying proportion of sand ,silt and clay . In the upper coarse of the river ,the soil is coarse. The middle coarse,it is less ...

Title: CTET: A Gateway to a Rewarding Teaching Career ✍️Introduction  : The Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) is an examination conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India. It serves as a benchmark for determining the eligibility of candidates to teach in schools affiliated with the CBSE board. CTET certification is highly regarded and offers numerous benefits to individuals aspiring to pursue a career in teaching. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CTET, including its qualifications, syllabus, and the advantages associated with qualifying for this prestigious examination. 👉 Qualification for CTET  : To be eligible for the CTET, candidates must meet the following qualifications: 🙇For Primary Level  (Classes I to V): Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in the final year of a 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) OR Senior Secondary (or its equival...