Class 10 - CIVICS Power Sharing (Question - Answer) , Up board , CBSE, Ncert
Note -Answer the following questions
Question 1- Compare the way in which Belgium and Sri Lanka have dealt with cultural diversity.
Answer - In Belgium, the minority French speaking community was rich and powerful than Dutch speaking community. The Belgian leaders realised this problem and took some significant measures to solve this as ....
a. Number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
b. Many powers of the central government are given to state government.
c. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
d. Community government is elected by people belonging to one language community which deals with cultural, educational and language related issues.
In Sri Lanka major social groups are the Sinhala speakers 74% and the Tamil speakers 18% . In Sri Lanka the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhalese supremacy.
The government took the following measures..
a. Preferential policy that favoured Sinhalese was adopzfor University positions and government jobs .
b. Buddhism was declared as the state religion.
All these measures increased the feelings of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamil. The Belgian solution helped in avoiding civics strife whereas the majoritarian in Sri Lanka led to civil war .
Question 2 - Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democratic but they follow different systems of power sharing. Explain.
Answer - Belgium is a small country in Western Europe with complex ethnic composition. Of the country's total population,59% speak Dutch language . Another 40% speak French and the remaining 1% speak German.
Sri Lanka on the other hand has majority 74% are Sinhala speakers and 18% are Tamil speakers. The following points show the difference in power sharing in these countries.
a. Belgium construction provides that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. The Sri Lankan government sought to increase the dominance of the Sinhala speakers by virtue of their majority and did not share power with Tamils.
b . In Belgium the leaders realised that the unity of the country was possible only by respecting the feelings of others. Thus many powers of the central government were given to the state government. In Sri Lanka, the democratically elected government adopted majoritarian measures to establish Sinhalese supermacy which undermined the unity of Sri Lanka.
c . In Belgium, there is no discrimination between religion but in Sri Lanka , a new constitution declares that state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
Question 3 - What was the reason of the civil war in Sri Lanka . What was its impact on the country ?
Answer - The Sinhala community has been in majority in the Sri Lanka and therefore enjoyed the great advantage while the Sri Lankan Tamils suffered a lot . The constitution and the government policy denied them equally rights. Sri Lankan Tamils demanded recognition of Tamils as an official language and religion autonomy and quality of opportunity in security, education and jobs . But all their demands were denied. As a result ,their relations with Sinhalese got strained .
The distrust between the two communities finally turned into a civil war .
The impact of this Civil war is ...
a. Thousands of people of both the communities were killed.
b . Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihood.
C. It caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.
Question 4 - How were the ethnic problems solved in Belgium ?
or
How is the political system in Belgium innovative and different from the other countries of the world ?
Or
Highlight any three measures adopted by Belgian government to accommodate regional and cultural diversity.
Answer - The following measures were adopted by Belgium government to solve the ethnic problems:
a. The Belgian construction prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require to support of majority of members from each linguistic groups. This no single community can take decision unilaterally.
b. Under the proper power sharing arrangement , many powers of the central government were given to the state government for the two regions of the country. The state government were not subordinate to the central t.
c. A separate government has been set up at Brussels in which both the communities have equal representation.
d. A part from the central and the state government, there is a third kind of government as community government. This government is elected by the people belonging to one language community - Dutch , French and German speaking - no matter where they live . This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.
Question 5 - Why is power sharing necessary in democracy ?
Or
Why is power sharing good for democracy ? Give reasons.
Answer - 1: Prudential Reasons :
a. Prudential reasons are based on careful calculations of gains and losses .
b. Prudential reasons help to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
c. Prudential reasons are good way to ensure political stability.
d. Imposing the will of majority over the minority may look like an attractive option in the short run ,but in the long run ,it undermine the unity of the nation .
2 : Moral Reasons
a. Power sharing is the basis sprit of the democracy. A democratic rule involves the sharing of power with those affected by its exercise and those who have to live with its effect.
b. A democratic government is chosen by the people. So they have the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. A legitimate government is one where groups , through participation, acquire a stakt in the system.
c. Decentralisation of power i.e. formation of State government , local government is an example of moral reasons.
Question 6 - Explain the major forms of power sharing in modern democracy.
Or
Explain, how power is shared among different organs of government.
Or
Describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracy.
Answer - In a democracy, power is shared among different organs of the government such as the legislature, Executive and the Judiciary. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Under this kind of power sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers . Each organ has its own power and it can also check the power of others.So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions.
Horizontal
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Legislature. Executive. Judiciary
Under this people choose separate government at separate levels for example, a general local government for the entire country and local government at the provincial, sub national or regional levels . Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government.
Vertical Division of Power Indian government
Union government
State government
Local government
In a democracy, especially , in a multiethnic society , power is also shared among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. Community government in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement.
In a democracy , power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements . Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rules. This choice is provided by the various political parties , who contest elections to win them . Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand .
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